Effect of Laws on Crime Prevention

Effect of Laws on Crime Prevention Can laws help to stop crimes? Introduction Crime is when an individual violates the law of a country he/she is living in. However, this does not necessarily mean that crime is always wrong. The law also prevents people from doing things that harm other people, such as murdering, and stealing, and smuggling, and raping, and the list goes on and on. Police in many countries can’t take action against people until they find a witness for the crime so at this moment people doing crime come in and take advantage of it. But some laws are wrong too. It seems like the person who controls the law will be like God on earth. Through law, he is given the power to punish. And if the person controlling law were to be lets say, corrupted and self-interested? Laws passed would be unjust and only serve the purpose of that person. This would be very unfair. But because it is law, you have to follow it, or suffer. So as said by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi An unjust law is itself a species of violence. Arrest for its breach is more so. Global Crimes against humanity are particularly revolting offenses in that they constitute a serious attack on human dignity or grave humiliation or a degradation of human beings. They not isolated or sporadic events but could be caused by government laws and rules, or wide practice of atrocities which is illegal in the books of law by the government. Extermination, torture, rape, religious persecution, Murder, racial, political and other inhumane acts reach the doorstep of crimes against humanity only if they are part of an organized or extensive practice. Crimes can be the done at many different ways For example: A crime against peace, in international law, refers to planning, preparation, initiation, or waging of wars of aggression, or a war in violation of international treaties, agreements or assurances, or participation in a common plan or conspiracy for the accomplishment of any of the foregoing. International crime law is a branch dealing with all the inter country crime. The term is commonly used in the law enforcement and academic communities. The word transnational describes crimes that are not only international but crimes that by their nature involve international crimes. Transnational crimes are crime done in one country but their effects affect other countries and transit countries may also be involved. Examples of transnational crimes include: Human trafficking, people smuggling, smuggling/trafficking of goods (such as arms trafficking and drug trafficking and illegal animal and plant products and other goods prohibited on environmental grounds (e.g. banned ozone depleting substances), sex slavery, terrorism offences and torture.Classical international law governs the relationships, rights, and responsibilities of states. International criminal law comprises elements of both in that its consequences are penal sanctions imposed on individuals although its sources are those of international law. The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court helps to deal with these international crimes. The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (often referred to as the International Criminal Court Statute or the Rome Statute) is the accord that established the International Criminal Court (ICC). The Rome Statute established four core international crimes: genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and the crime of aggression. National Crime in India exists in various forms taking note of prostitution , poaching, gunrunning, extortion, human trafficking, drug trafficking, murder for hire, money laundering and fraud. Many criminal operations engage in black marketeering, political violence, religiously motivated violence, terrorism, and abduction. Other crimes are homicide, robbery, assault etc. Property crimes include burglary, theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson. Corruption is a significant problem. One of the examples are:- In late December, 2012, international attention was called to a case of a 23-year-old Indian woman (Also called as NIRBHAYA case/ AMANAT case) was assaulted and gang raped on a bus (incident took place on 16 December, 2012), resulting in death eventually after a few days of critical situation. Mass protests stemming from the case called into question the cultural violence towards women and the failure of the government to help people and solve their problems. The problem was compounded by po liticians making sexist and misogynistic comments. Looking at the increase in rapes the government had passed a law stated that a women can harm a man’s private parts if the man tries to rape a girl. A report stated that after an increase in rapes slowly after the law was passed the rapes decreased by a significant amount. In 1961, the Indian government passed the Dowry Prohibition Act which means that asking dowry from the girl’s side by the boy’s side was made illegal and also stated strict steps would be taken if not followed the law. However, many cases of dowry-related domestic violence, suicides and murders have been reported. In the 1980s, numerous such cases were reported. However, recent reports show that the number of these crimes has reduced drastically. Child marriage has been traditionally prevalent in India and continues to this day which means a child is married before it reaches an age of 20. Young girls live with their parents until they reach p uberty. In the past, the child widows were condemned to a life of great agony, shaving heads, living in isolation, and shunned by the society. Although child marriage was outlawed in 1860, it is still a common practice. It is prevalent within every section and every level of the society. Corruption has taken the role of a pervasive aspect of Indian politics. In India, corruption takes the form of bribes, evasion of tax and exchange controls, embezzlement, etc. G.P. Joshi, the programmed coordinator of the Indian branch of the Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative in New Delhi comments that the main issue at hand concerning police violence is a lack of accountability of the police. In 2006, the Supreme Court of India in a judgment in the .In 2006, seven policemen were charge sheeted and eleven were convicted for custodial misconduct. Jan Local Bill is being planned to reduce the corruption. Currently many government parties are working to reduce corruption and it is showing results. B ribing is the most famous form of corruption. For example if a driver is caught violating the rules the police has to make an entry in the books and fine the driver. But in India the driver bribes the police cop and the cop doesn’t make any entry of the crime, rather takes the money for his own use. Local There might be a too many crimes in the metropolis, but when compared to 52 other cities across the country, Mumbai, with its huge population, seems to fare much better than other places in maintaining law and order, reveals a data by National Crime Records Bureau.For the first time, the NCRB has analyzed crime data in 53 major cities in the country. Given its huge population, the rate of crime is, no doubt, high in Mumbai, but when we compared the situation with 52 other cities, we feel it is much better here, a senior home department official stated. As Mumbai has grown exponentially in the last several years, so has the rate of crime. Mumbai’s crime level is medium to high for a city with more than 20 million people. Based on available Mumbai Police statistics, the crime rate continues to be an ongoing problem for the tremendously short-staffed city police. Mumbai law enforcement has 33,000 officers (165 officers for every 100,000 citizens) to police its rapidly growing cit y, which is 20 % less than what they are authorized. An international standard, the recommended police strength per 100,000 persons, is 222 officers. Crime has affected expatriates with reports of burglary, stolen bags and passports, and valuables being fairly common; however, most of these crimes occur in a non-confrontational manner, usually through stealth or forgetfulness of the victim.While street crime such as pick-pocketing and robbery/assault is not uncommon, areas frequented by foreigners are less vulnerable due to a generally adequate police presence.Violent crimes do occur in Mumbai, but for the most part, are isolated in more high density areas such as slums and crowded apartment blocks. The police in Mumbai are showing great performance and intelligence to control crime as stated in a local newspaper. There are many incidents seen where a group of people loot a girl and kill them and the evidence for it is the TV show â€Å"Crime Patrol†, it I based on real incid ents in India. Laws can just help to reduce crimes but not stop it completely Bibliography http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_against_peace http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_against_humanity http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_crime http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_against_international_law http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome_Statute_of_the_International_Criminal_Court http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_in_India http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnational_crime http://www.csj.gob.sv/Comunicaciones/quehacer/English/Images/Quehacer_60/teoria_3.jpg http://govcentral.monster.com/nfs/govcentral/attachment_images/0004/0369/crimjust_crop380w.jpg?1224716277 http://blog.myphillylawyer.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/May-28-driving-tests-iStock_000009697473XSmall.jpg

An Education Lasts a Lifetime

Education is a key element in developing the skills necessary for a successful life. Too often students are more involved earning a paycheck than spending time on their academic studies. Students need to realize that their highschool classes will prepare them for a brighter future. A highschool student’s time is very limited. Homework and extra curricular activities are time consuming and if a student adds a job into this busy schedule, less time is devoted to their academic studies. The effects of this could be recieving lower grades or not taking challenging courses. A job would also limit the amount of time a teenager has for social activities and sports, thereby causing a withdrawal from friends and the highschool community. The job environment is not always beneficial to the student. In most cases the wages are low and the hours are long. Sometimes employers can be very demanding and schedules are not flexible. The skills being used may not be beneficial in furthering their career, and they might become comfortable with the paycheck and not strive to reach their full potential. Money is the root of many problems associated with teenagers. A paycheck gives a student the power to purchase many commodities including cars, clothing and electronics. They may also be exposed to drugs and alcohol. Students are being introduced to a new environment and the challenge of managing their money comes into play. Teenagers already have enough pressures and stress in their lives and they may find it difficult to juggle academics along with their work schedule. High school is a time of growth both mentally and physically. Students should focus their attention on their studies so they can one day achieve their dreams.

Jesuit Relations Proposal Paper Essay

The views taken by the Jesuits and Hurons towards medicine and disease varied during the spread of old world disease among the native population of North America. These two groups had very different ways of dealing with the diseases and there use of medicine. Throughout the reading of chapter 3 in the Jesuit Relations book, we see certain ways that these two groups collided heads because they did not seem to agree with each other’s methods. They (Jesuits and Hurons) both wanted to do help their town population and the only ways they knew what to do is what their culture and people had already done years before. Some of the methods of these groups worked while others not so much. First point of view to be touched on is the Jesuits and what their role was during the old-world diseases. The Jesuits really focused on the question of why rather than how disease spread (The Jesuit Relations, page. 71). They questioned it, meaning disease, and believed that it was God’s plan to get certain people sick to â€Å"punish the wicked, test the resolution of the virtuous, or simply gather souls to heaven† (The Jesuit Relations, page 71). They thought God was testing them and was punishing certain groups or people. The Jesuits were already immune to some of the diseases that is why there population did not get hit as hard by some of the old-world diseases then others. Their main idea was that they (Jesuits) are that they were not doctors. All they wanted to do is to save the souls of the sick, and as well as that they baptized the dead. The Jesuits did not believe in reviving and curing the dead. This was all apart of Gods way and the sick would be baptized and join his or her family and friends in heaven. That was their idea and these people understood this and believed that it was the right thing to do; it was the way of God. Another idea they believed in was that if a person is ill, that he or she should isolate themselves from the rest of the population. They could not help or do anything so it was better for them to be on their own until they were cured of their illness. This idea was very popular back home but when they ventured to the new world and saw what other people were doing, it really did not stick with them well. While they believed in their own ideas, they also would see what the Hurons did for their medicine and curing abilities. The Jesuits were surprised that the Hurons were so in touch with mother earth and not God. This really set the Jesuits and they did not like the new ideas. They could not believe that the Hurons did not believe in going to heaven. From the excerpt, The Help We Have Given to the Sick of Our Village, from the Jesuit Relation book â€Å"For my part, I have no desire to go to heaven; I know no one there†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (The Jesuit Relations, Page 81) this shows the Huron’s point of view for heaven. The Jesuits could not understand this unspiritual answer; they questioned the native and all they had to say. As the Jesuits have their ways of dealing with the disease, the Hurons had their own ways of dealing with the diseases as well. The Hurons were people of the land and had their own ways of dealing with the old-world diseases. As I mentioned earlier, the Hurons did not believe in going to heaven and baptizing the dead like the Jesuits felt. Hurons believed in natural medicines and curing people through sports as well as through spiritual healings. They felt as though they knew mother earth and knew that there were natural cures for certain sicknesses. Many Huron procedures involved the sickened personal mind and body. At first I was shocked that they played sports back in this time but as you think about it, it was a great idea on their behalf. â€Å"Little demon as large as a fist† (The Jesuit Relations, Huron Medical Practice, Page 72) this what the Hurons believe causes the pain in a sick person. They thought that some of these demons would come into your body when you are sleeping at night to enter your body through your dreams. To get these demons out and to be cured, the sick person would either play some sports or go through spiritual healings. They believed that these sports like Lacrosse, Dish and Straw (The Jesuit Relations, Page 73), were good for the body and they could run it off to keep the body healthy. The demons would exit their body through these sports and thus curing the sick person. Hurons would have big games and tournaments when they thought there was a bad epidemic as well as when there were multiple people ill. These people that were sick were advised to show up to the games so they could finally be healed. If the person who is sick cannot make it to the game then they have to be patient and wait while his people play for his wellbeing. It brought everyone together and these people, that were ill, brought all their lucky stuff and believed that it would help them overcome their illness too. The whole community was supportive. The Jesuits were shocked at this way of treatment because they did not think that would help the people and it was a waste of time, but to the Hurons it was their way of life. Not only did they think sports would help but also through spiritual healing and natural medicines like certain herbs. The sickened would go to these shamans, a spiritual / medical specialist, who would tell them what their best option would be. Sometimes it would be sports; other times they would give the sickened certain herbs that will cure their disease. It was a long process but it worked for the Hurons. The Hurons also sometimes blamed the Jesuits for some of the diseases that entered their land and believed that Jesuits were hostile sorcerers. As we can see, these two groups did truly have different views and roles on the diseases and medicines of this time. Each group’s views were shocking to each other because they could not agree with which methods worked better and what was more reliable. In the eyes of the Jesuits, they believe that it is the way of God. Sickened people need to isolate themselves and try to cure themselves, but if they do perish then their soul shall go to heaven. The way of the Jesuits is just God is on your side and it is ok to die because you will go to heaven. On the other hand you have the Hurons who are people of mother earth and sports. They believe that the sickened need to play sports to be cured and to have shamans perform mind and body work on the individual to be cured. The way of the Hurons is more natural and makes you fight for your life. The ideas are very different but those are the roles that these the Jesuit and Huron groups played during this time, which signifies and shapes each group into who they are.

Grimms Fairy Tales and Other Versions

The subject of fairy tales is a fascinating one, particularly Grimms fairy tales. Many of the most popular fairy tales of today developed centuries ago and have evolved over time into stories for children. Thanks to a number of research projects and the resulting online and print resources, we now have the opportunity to learn more. Why were Grimms fairy tales so grim? Are many of todays fairy tales pale imitations of the originals? How many different versions of such popular fairy tales as Cinderella and Snow White are there? How have these stories changed, and how have they remained the same, as they have been interpreted in different cultures and countries? Where can you find information on fairy tales for children from around the world? If this is a subject that interests you, here are some sites that should appeal to you: The Brothers Grimm An article about Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm in National Geographic makes the point that the brothers did not set out to create a childrens collection of fairy tales. Instead, they set out to preserve Germanys oral tradition by collecting stories told to them, in other words, folklore. Not until several editions of their collection were published did the brothers realize that children were to be a major audience. According to the article, Once the Brothers Grimm sighted this new public, they set about refining and softening their tales, which had originated centuries earlier as earthy peasant fare. Some of the most well-known fairy tales can be found in Grimms Fairy Tales, as the English-language version was called. You may have already shared many of them with your child and have several books of fairy tales first found in Grimms Fairy Tales. These include Cinderella, Snow White, Sleeping Beauty, Hansel and Gretel, and Rapunzel. For more information about the brothers and the stories they collected, visit: Grimm Brothers Home Page:  Scroll down the sites table of contents. Youll find it provides a chronology of the brothers lives, information on their major publications, and links to articles, electronic texts, and studies of some of their stories.Grimms Fairy Tales:  Here you will find online versions, text only, of about 90 fairy tales. The Story of Cinderella The story of Cinderella has generated hundreds, some say thousands, of versions around the world.  The Cinderella Project is a text and image archives drawn from the deGrummond Childrens Literature Research collection at the University of Southern Mississippi. The dozen versions of the tale that are online come from the eighteenth, nineteenth, and early twentieth centuries. Michael N. Salda serves as the editor of the project. If you are interested in more research, check out the following sites: The Cinderella Bibliography:  This site, from Russell Peck, a professor in the Department of English at the University of Rochester, provides a great deal of information about online resources, modern adaptations, basic European texts, and much more.Cinderella Stories:  The Childrens Literature Web Guide at the University of Calgary provides information on Internet resources, reference books, and articles, as well as a bibliography of childrens books.If you are looking for recommended fairy tale books for your child, you will find the resources helpful in the Fairy Tales section of About.com Childrens Books. Are there versions of Grimms and other fairy tales that you and/or your children have particularly enjoyed? Share your recommendations by posting a message on the About Childrens Books Forum.

I Am Looking For Customer Service - 710 Words

A skilled and resourceful Customer Service professional with a Bachelor of Arts in Communication [Public Relations and Mass Communications], accomplished individual with 3 years comprehensive Customer Service experience in maintaining customer satisfaction and establishing rapport with clients; expert user of MS Word, Excel, Outlook and front desk software applications and exceptional talent in Strategic-relationship and use tact and diplomacy to find common ground and achieve win-win outcomes. My goal is to become a valuable mutual asset by providing efficient services that will contribute to organizational success. I am looking for Customer service position in a competitive organization where I can join a team, contribute consistently†¦show more content†¦Paul s University. January 2014- December 2016; Duties Responsibilities: o Promptly responding and handling customer inquiries and complaints o Providing information about products and services, escalate calls appropriately o Repairing trust and locating resources for problem resolution and designing best-option solutions. o Consult with customers to evaluate needs and determine best options o Consistently improving customer satisfaction through expert resolution of conflicts, issues, and concerns o Carrying out customer service assessments to identify and prioritize needs o Maintaining a thorough understanding of all company products and processes o Managing multiple customers simultaneously o Maintaining customer database files o Analysing client transactions, correcting records, and adjusting errors o Consistently adhering to business procedure guidelines Accomplishments; o Maintained positive working relationships with a portfolio of over 1000 clients and resolved an average of 500 enquiries in any given week. o Helped company attain the highest customer service ratings (as determined by annual customer service surveys) in categories including communication skills, listening skills, problem resolution and politeness o Become one of the Institution’s primary mentors of both new and established employees as well asShow MoreRelatedVerizon Wireless And Time Warner Cable1555 Words   |  7 Pagesproviders. 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Positives And Negatives Of The Internet - 2031 Words

This essay will discuss both the positives and negatives of the Internet and how it has impacted on the music industry. Piracy, distribution and networking are just some of the aspects that have drastically changed the music scene since the arrival of the Internet. Has the Internet changed the music industry for the better or worse? In the early 1960s a computer scientist called J. C. R. Licklider proposed â€Å"the concept of a Galactic Network†. Investintech (2009) Licklider could see that having access to things like software, digital libraries and banking all on a global network could be revolutionary. This idea of a global network of computers â€Å"ultimately led to the creation of the ARPANET†. Raychel Rappold (2014) The ARPANET, which is†¦show more content†¦CNN Money (2010) Millions of downloaders were attracted by this prospect of free downloads, which then quickly led to the attraction of the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and artist such as Lars Ulrich of Metallica. This eventually led to a court order to shut Napster down. â€Å"A heated legal battle between Napster and the RIAA ends in March with an injunction against the site. Napster shuts down its network in July, declares bankruptcy, and is later reborn as a legal music subscription service in 2001†. Gearlog (2010) The MP3 file format enabled music files to be shared with great ease across all computer systems. â€Å"The development of the MP3 compression standard in the early 90s allowed vast amounts of digital audio information to be compressed into manageable files†. 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Exchange Rate Movements And The Australian -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Exchange Rate Movements And The Australian? Answer: Introduction The present report highlights on the case study focusing on the Australian dollar sliding back to 70 US cents. Based on this case study, the following questions are answered. The first questions reflect on the determination of AUD exchange rate in the Forex market using the demand and supply framework. The second question analyzes the movement of AUD in relation to that of USD. The third question discusses about the driving forces that affect the AUD/USD exchange rate. The fourth question elucidates on the influence of depreciation of Australian dollar on the firm. The last question focuses on the actions taken by the Reserve Bank of Australia for bringing the exchange rate back to US 80C AUD. Exchange rate refers to a specific nation currency in terms of foreign currency. The demand supply framework of determination of exchange rate indicates that equilibrium exchange rate varies when some of the factors that impact demand as well as supply condition varies. Unlike determination of price as well as quantity, the demand-supply model basically guides authorities to forecast this exchange rate in the next period. In addition, it also aids to trace different causes that impact the exchange rate of the nation and thereby directs policymakers to measure the condition effectively. The determination of exchange rate of AUD in the forex market has been described below. The figure below represents the demand- supply model of the foreign exchange market in which the demand of currencies has been attained through demand of export of the nation while the supply has been determined through demand of its imports (Amiti, Itskhok and Konings 2014, p.1970). The demand curve (DD) is drawn based on the derived demand whereas the supply curve (SS) is drawn based on aggregate import goods demand. It has been assumed that the equilibrium occurs at the point E* in which the exchange rate for per unit AUD is 80C USD. However, at this point, the demand for the import goods in the Australian market is depicted by Q. Now, if the demand for AUD increases from Q0 to Q1, the foreign exchange demand will shift in the rightward direction from DD to DD1. This leads to increase in exchange rate to 81C for per unit of AUD. On the contrary, if the demand of AUD decreases, the demand curve shifts to leftward direction from DD to DD2. This in turn leads to decline in exchange r ate to 77C USD per unit of AUD from 80C USD per unit of AUD. The above diagram of the demand-supply model of the exchange rate of Australia reflects that the market system is flexible (Mancini, Ranaldo and Wrampelmeyer 2013, p. 1840) There are several factors that lead to fluctuation of demand as well as supply of AUD, which are explained below: Rate of inflation- Low rate of inflation will exhibit increasing AUD value leading to rightward shift of demand curve. On the other hand, higher inflation rate leads to depreciation of AUD that shifts the demand curve to right. Current Account of nation- Australias current account includes exports, debt, imports and so on. Deficit in Australias current account owing to high spending in currency on import goods than total earnings from export goods sale leads to depreciation. This in turn shifts the demand curve to right. Interest rate-Rise in rate of interest leads to appreciation of the AUD owing to increase in demand of export of the products and services. Plans of government- The government of Australia increases the demand of its currency in the foreign market with increase in import substitution as well as export promotion. This in turn leads to increase in the nations exchange rate. Trade weighted Index (TWI) refers to multilateral exchange rate, which is complied as weighted average of domestic exchange rates with respect to foreign currencies. It is mainly used as an economic indicator in order o compare exchange rate of the nation against their main trading partner. In addition, it is highly useful between the Australian dollar and US dollar for estimating changes in competitiveness owing to movements in exchange rate (Burstein and Gopinath 2014, p.395). On the other hand, nominal exchange rate refers to the total number of unit of domestic currency, which can purchase foreign currency unit. However, decline in this variable refers to nominal appreciation of currency while increase in this variable refers to as nominal depreciation of currency. For over the past three years, there have been several fluctuations in nominal exchange rate of Australia and TWI. From the figure below, it can be seen that in the year 2015, there was several fluctuations and thus reflects that the nominal exchange rate of Australias currency was at peak at March (Lustig, Stathopoulos and Verdelhan 2016). Furthermore, during this period, the nominal exchange rate declined to lowest point owing to decline in demand for products and services in Australia. This in turn increases the cost of USD as compared to AUD. During the month of July 2017, it rose at high rate but declined again from October of the recession in the US market. But in the year 2017, the TWI value recorded the highest. Therefore, TWI fluctuated during the last three years based on the trade magnitude between US and Australia. In addition, weak US dollar has been one of the major factors of behavior of AUD. As the US market had become saturated over the years, it lead to recession in the year 2015, which in turn resulted into decrease in demand of products and services of Australia in US market (Sloman, Norris and Garrett 2013). Hence, since the year 2017, the demand for products and services and rate of interest in Australia increases, which in turn lead to increase in AUD demand. However, from the above two figures, it can be seen that there has been increasing trend, which signifies that there will be better business between US and Australia in future. The given article reflects that there have been several reasons for the current fluctuation in AUD as compared to USD. The study also highlights that the major reason behind increase in AUD in respect of USD is increasing price of goods and droop in export of USD. However, this has increased the export of Australia leading to increase in AUD demand (Manalo, Perera, and Rees 2015, p.60). As a result, there has been appreciation of AUD in comparison with USD. In fact, the strength of AUD is not highly sustainable due to rigid wages as well as inflation rate of this nation. Furthermore, some threats also occurs such as decrease in iron ore price in global market, decrease in Chinese economys growth and increasing gap between Australia and US. In addition, it has been predicted that the AUD will again decline to 70 C USD when the interest rate of US begins to surpass interest rate of Australia and export with US declines. The figure below portrays variation in Australian exchange rate with the help of demand and supply (Frenkel and Johnson 2013). Increase in export of iron ore as well as US exchange rate slump leads to rise in exchange rate from Ex to Ex1 as AUD faced rise in demand. Therefore, if the gap in rate of interest increases between US and Australia and declining price of iron ore is considered, then demand will decline to D2. However, new equilibrium occurs at E2 in which the exchange rate is Ex2. Imports will become highly expensive with the depreciation of AUD, which again might lead to lower demand of import goods. However, with less importable demand, the enterprise will increase commodity price for making profit. This increase in price of goods leads to decline in demand for product, which again leads to increase in price (Gabaix and Maggiori 2015, p. 1375). This cycle continues until equilibrium quantity as well as price is attained. In addition, low AUD value in respect of USD, the importer of electric machinery might face huge loss owing to reduction in importable demand. On the contrary, depreciation will also lead to increase in export as the exported goods become cheaper with decline in AUD/USD exchange rate. This in turn will increase the BOP (Balance of Payment) and increase in economic growth. Moreover, deficit in current account with also increase with AUD depreciation as compared to USD. Hence, the terms of trade between US will enhance with decrease in exchang e rate. Considering the overall Australian economy, the exporters of the products are the main ones who enjoy the benefits of lower Australian dollar (Berman, Martin and Mayer 2012, p.449) However, the local business might find competitive edge over the import goods, which in turn generally becomes highly expensive. By taking into account the given situation, it can be said that there are several instruments that the government of Australia might enter the exchange rate in order to gain appreciation. From the newspaper report, it can be seen that exchange rate of Australian dollar has been declining owing to decline in iron ore demand from Australia (Chowdhury 2012, p. 345). In addition, the government of this nation can take plans regarding export promotion by focusing on the US market that in turn might enhance the demand of mining products in Australia. This in turn might lead to increase in AUD demand in the foreign nations. However, this might appreciate AUD in comparison with USD. The given article also highlights that there has been increasing gap of rate in interest between Australia and US owing to increase in the Federal rate. Suppose if the gap increases hugely, then it is expected some of the international investors will make investment in the US economy instead of making it in Austr alian economy (Ismail 2018). This in turn might lead to decline in exchange rate of AUD and increase in exchange rate in USD. In order to bring back the exchange rate, the Reserve Bank of Australia should take some actions. The Australian economy is slowing down owing to sluggish wage rate and inflation rate. For overcoming this condition, the Reserve Bank of Australia should increase their rate of interest and must also take program regarding fiscal expansion from the accumulated fund (Taussig 2013). As a result, this will help to enhance the economic growth by overcoming this condition. Furthermore, the Australian government should also adopt import substitution method as well as quota system for stopping the deficit of net export. Although these plans might help to bring back the exchange rate of AUD from 72C to 80C USD for AUD, this might create adverse impact. For example, implementing import quota system might not be possible in AUSFTA pact between the nations. Additionally, i ncrease in export promotion leads to appreciation in AUD, which again leads to increase in imports (Rios, McConnell and Brue 2013). Apart from this, domestic investment might increase if the government increases rate of interest and thus demand might fall owing to deficiency in liquidity in market. Thus, Australia might bring back exchange rate to 80C USD per unit AUD with this above given plan. Moreover, the government should increase the development of infrastructure, then it be might be beneficial for the nation for increasing the exchange rate. Conclusion From the above report, it can be concluded that exchange rate fluctuates due to several activities in the economy. The demand-supply framework of the Australias exchange rate reflects that its market system is flexible. The TWD data also highlights that there has been fluctuations in AUD relative to that USD for the last few years. Increase in export of iron ore as well as US exchange rate and rise in product price are the main drivers that affect AUD/USD. The depreciation of Australian dollar has positive influence on the organization and thus local business benefits from this. In addition, the actions that Reserve Bank of Australia will take for bringing back exchange rate are- increasing rate of interest, reduction of wage rate and keeps inflation rate low. References Amiti, M., Itskhoki, O. and Konings, J., 2014. Importers, exporters, and exchange rate disconnect.American Economic Review,104(7), pp.1942-78. Berman, N., Martin, P. and Mayer, T., 2012. How do different exporters react to exchange rate changes?.The Quarterly Journal of Economics,127(1), pp.437-492. Bramble, T., 2015. The Australian economy after the mining boom.Red Flag. Burstein, A. and Gopinath, G., 2014. International prices and exchange rates. InHandbook of International Economics(Vol. 4, pp. 391-451). Elsevier. Chinn, M.D. and Wei, S.J., 2013. A faith-based initiative meets the evidence: does a flexible exchange rate regime really facilitate current account adjustment?.Review of Economics and Statistics,95(1), pp.168-184. Chowdhury, K., 2012. 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